LAPTOP COMPONENTS
On the whole laptop and a PC (Personal Computer) is very similar to the desktop. They have the basic hardware (hardware) is the same, as well as software and operating systems are similar. The main difference is how the components tesebut packed with concise.
A desktop computer includes a motherboard, video card, hard drive and other components incorporated into a large box. Monitor, keyboard and other peripherals are connected using a wired or wireless. Both boxes stood vertically or horizontally, requiring more room for additional cards, cables and air circulation.
Because of these different designs, and capability in the mobility of the components of the laptop must have the following requirements:
- Brief to be compressed in a small space.
- Save energy
- Generate less heat than the components on the computer desktop.
Often, the difference is what makes the components a bit more expensive, which can make prices more expensive laptops.
Processors
Microprocessor, or CPU, works with the operating system for computer control to control. that is definitely the main, to act as a computer brain. CPUs generate a high heat, then use a desktop computer fan for air circulation and heat absorber plate, a plate which is arranged in such a way as to divert the heat from the processor. Because since the laptop has far less room it has a more concise method for placing the components of the heat absorbers, the CPU is usually:
Work on the voltage and clock speed is low, it reduces the discharge of excessive heat and power but will slightly slow down the performance of the processor. Many laptops also mounted runs on voltage and higher clock speed, but use a lower setting in battery consumption.
Installation of the motherboard without pins, sockets and pins require more space on the PC. Some laptop processor mounted directly on the motherboard without using a socket. There is also a laptop that uses a Micro-FCBGA (Flip Chip Ball Grid Array), which uses balls instead of pins. This design saves space, but in this case means that the processor can not be removed from the motherboard to be replaced or upgraded.
Having sleap mode or slow-down mode, the operating system and the computer will work together to reduce the speed when the computer is not being used or when the processor is not currently not doing the job. Apple's G4 processor also prioritize this to save battery power.
Some laptops use the components of the desktop CPUs is set to work at a lower clock speed. While this can improve performance but this laptop is often run with excessive heat and segnifikan reduces the battery life.
In general, all laptops have a small fan and heat absorber plate, or pipe heat spreaders to help remove heat from the CPU. Some hi-end laptop models, reduce heat to the CPU by using a coolant which is distributed in addition to the heat pipe. Also most laptops are side edge CPU laptop. this allows the fan to move heat out of the laptop without passing through another component.
Memory and Storage
A laptop memory greatly affect the performance speed of your laptop. some laptops have cache memory to be placed close to the processor, this allows faster data akeses. Some also have greater DUS path, allowing data to move from processor to the motherboard with faster.
Laptops often use smaller memory modules to summarize the space. Momory type used on a laptop include:
- Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module (SODIMM)
- Dual Data Rate Synchronous RAM (DDR SDRAM)
- Single data rate Synchronous RAM (SDRAM) memory modules laptops
Some laptops have the memory that is easy to be upgraded and the panel that is easy to be released.
Just like a desktop, laptop has an internal hard drive, which is used to store the operating system, applications and data files. However, laptops usually have a few hard-disk space than a desktop PC. A laptop hard drive, of course, are physically smaller than desktop PC's. In addition, performance on a laptop hard drive spinning slower than a hard drive on the PC desktop, this is to reduce both the heat and battery usage.
Desktop computers have adequate space for additional drives attached, such as CD and DVD ROM drives. Although very little space on your laptop, but many laptops use a modular design of the port, which can be paired in the same place, it has three distinct goals:
- Hot swappable - the computer is still running while carrying out replacement of the drive.
- Warm swappable - the computer is still running while Menganti drive, but the adjustment drive (which used the data transmission path to the processor) must be non-active
- Cold swappable - the computer must be turned off when making the turn.
In some cases this is not limited to the drive port is used to drive but also can be used as an extra battery.
Display and Sound
A unit of graphics processors (GPU) is a microprocessor that handles the processing / calculations important in 3D graphics. As the processor CPU, a GPU produces high heat. Most laptops have built-in graphics capabilities on the motherboard or have smaller graphics cards designed specifically for laptops. GPU manufacturers like ATI and nVidia, both producing a special GPU for laptops. Laptops often divide memory between the CPU and GPU, in order to save space and battery.
Many people are less concerned that reduces the performance of laptop graphics. Laptops have a lot of processing power for productivity applications and surfing the web. However, the laptop has struggled to cope with the latest 3D games. Only a few laptops that are specially designed for gaming enthusiasts, has a more powerful GPU and additional video memory.
Laptop screens mostly use the LCD screen. Most use a screen size between 12 to 17 inches, and the size of the screen affects the overall size of a laptop. In addition, the laptop screen include:
- Black-and-white (16 grayscale) or color (65.536 colors)
- Matrix active or passive
- Reflective or backlit
Active matrix screen out images sharper and more readable, and the backlit screen to be better used for low light conditions.
Most laptops also have its own sound card or integrated on the motherboard, as well as a built-in speaker. However, very rarely has a quality laptop soundcard and speakers such as on a PC desktop. Gamers and audio enthusiasts can add their laptops ability to add external speakers plugged in via USB port or FireWire ports available on a laptop.
Power Supply
Laptop and desktop both use electricity. Both have a small battery to maintain the accuracy of the time, and in some cases is called the CMOS RAM. However, unlike desktop computers, laptops easier to carry and can be operated with batteries.
Battery Nickel-cadmium (NiCad) battery is the first type commonly used in laptop computers, and laptops to the old type still occasionally use the battery. The period of battery charge is approximately two hours, but may be reduced depending on the memory effect. Gas bubbles in the platinum cell, lowering the total amount of space available for future cell recharging. What can be suggested on the matter is do not recharge the battery before it is completely empty. Another deficiency of the NiCad battery is charged when too long, can explode.
Battery Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) is the bridge between NiCad batteries and Lithium-Ion (LiIon) the latest. NiMH batteries have longer charge times than NiCad but overall has a total active period is shorter.
LiIon batteries are the current standard for laptops. The battery is lightweight and has a longer active period. LiIon not depend on the memory effect, can be charged at random, and will not cause a heating effect when the charge is too long. LiIon batteries are also much thinner than the batteries another laptop which makes it ideal for notebook batteries are thin. LiIon batteries can last up to 950 to 1200 times the charge.
Many laptops that use LiIon states have active period of 5 hours, but the size can be very dependent on how computers are used. Hard Drive, Disk Drive and LCD screen, all these objects using battery power. Even the use of wireless Internet connections also require battery power. Many laptop models have power management software to renew or preserve battery power battery when the battery is running out.
Whitebooks
Many people make an additional PC for their own use or for customers. Homemade computer is called Whiteboxes (white box), which presents a significant portion of the computer market. Some people also modify their computer to the appearance, which is called "modding". but how to create or modify a laptop?
Modification or homemade laptop called white book (whitebook). Whitebook play the role of 5% in the laptop market and the number is slowly increasing. The industry has been going pretty well in mepertahankan number of laptop users. They make the laptop is quite difficult to open, modify and get onderdil2 laptop. Opening the laptop chassis in terms of making most of the manufacturer's warranty does not apply.
Making a laptop from scratch is still quite difficult, as not easily get a laptop devices. But vendors like ASUS and ECS allows some customers to buy the skeleton - the framework of an empty laptop. Frameworks are sold specifically for resellers who want to make Whitebook and sell it to customers. In addition, we may modify or upgrades using this framework. Companies like TechStyle has made this business.
Whitebook laptop parts consist of:
Chassis
Motherboards
Optical Drive
Screen display
Keyboard
Graphics Card
It is meant for those who want to build whitebook should seek:
Microprocessor
RAM
Wireless card
In this case, there is no real standard for form factor design (design and shape) of the components of a laptop. The processor is designed specifically for laptops is very much in the market, but to find a suitable motherboard with it is another story. For the hard drive is pretty standard, and SODIMM memory systems are easy to find, but for other components still require a deeper search.
Laptop History
In the 1970s, Alan Kay of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center has a vision for a portable computer that does not require wires, about the size of a notebook. He called Dynabook. Kay's Dynabook was created with the ability of a wireless network. And it began to work the wheel of the development of a portable computer that actually it is today.
In the era of 1979, William Moggridge of Grid Systems corporation created the first portable computer: The Grid Compass Computer 1109. It had 340 kilobytes of memory, a die-cast magnesium case and a folding electroluminescent display. Nasa bought a lot from him in the range of $ 800 perbiji, for use on the space program.
in 1983 Gavilan Computer produced a laptop computer that worked fine as well as MS-DOS on the processor 8088. Produced with 64K of RAM, can be up-grade to 128K. By weight are about 9 pounds, has a touchpad / mouse in front of the upper keyboard.
In 1984 Apple introduced the Apple IIc model. Apple IIc was a notebook-sized computers, but not the actual laptop. Having a 65C02 microprocessor, 128 kilobytes Memory and 5.25-inch floppy drive is internal, two serial ports, mouse port, modem card, external power supply, and can be folded. Computer itself weighed 10 to 12 lb (5kg), but the monitor a bit more weight. Apple IIc has a 9-inch monochrome monitor and an optional LCD panel. The combination of computer / LCD panel has made a portable computer. Apple IIc marketed to home and education, and reap success for about five years.
Other companies such as IBM, introduced the other laptops in the next year. The first portable computer that was commercially released IBM PC, unlike the Apple IIc, the PC Convertible is really a laptop computer. Gavilan Computer As introduced in 1986. By features:
8088 microprocessor
256 kilobytes of memory
Two floppy drives 3.5-inch (8.9 cm)
An LCD screen
Parallel and serial printer ports
Space for an internal modem
A basic software including word processing, penangalan calendar, address book, and calculator software.
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